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KTVB
KTVB, "Idaho's NewsChannel 7" is a television station in Boise, Idaho, affiliated with the NBC network, that broadcasts on analog VHF channel 7 and digital UHF channel 26.
When KIDO-TV came on the air for the first time in July 1953, it was an extension of KIDO radio. The station was founded by Georgia Davidson, one of only two female station runners in the NBC network (The other was Dorothy Bullitt, who founded future sister station KING-TV).
Philo Farnsworth, the father of television — and an Idaho native — was present as the station signed on the air. During KTVB's fiftieth year celebration, the tag line "the first television station in the state where TV was invented" was used in some promotional announcements.
In November 2003, KTVB launched the 24/7 NewsChannel - a 24 hour cable channel consisting primarily of newscast repeats.
Programming for co-owned KTFT-TV Twin Falls, Idaho originates from the KTVB building. The two signals are identical, with the exception of commercials, which are sold and targeted to the Magic Valley area.
The KTVB news slogan is "Where the News Comes First." The station produces just more than 28.5 hours of original news programing per week.
At least two former KTVB reporters have gone on to attain national prominence, including Christy Paul of CNN Headline News, and Trace Gallagher of Fox News.
In 1979, KTVB was sold to KING Broadcasting Company, joining stations KREM in Spokane, Washington, KGW in Portland, Oregon and KING in Seattle, Washington.
KING Broadcasting was sold to the Providence Journal Company in 1992, which was later sold to current owner Belo in 1997.
See also
Circle 7 logo
External links
- [http://www.ktvb.com/ KTVB website]
- [http://www.belo.com/ Belo website]
For more see Boise media
Category:Television stations in Idaho
Category:NBC network affiliates
Television stationThe term television channel generally refers to either a television station or its cable/satellite counterpart (both outlined below). Sometimes, it is confused with the term television network, which (when properly utilized) describes a group of geographically distributed television stations that share affiliation/ownership and some or all of their programming with one another. (While not technically accurate, the term "network" also has come to describe some nationwide cable/satellite channels; this is an arbitrary, inconsequential distinction, and varies from company to company.)
A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and video to television receivers in a particular area. Traditionally, TV stations made their broadcasts by sending specially encoded radio signals over the air, called terrestrial television. Individual television stations are usually granted licenses by a government agency to use a particular section of the radio spectrum (a channel) through which they send their signals. Some stations use LPTV broadcast translators to retransmit to further areas.
Television stations are now in the process of converting from analogue (NTSC, PAL, or SÉCAM) to digital (ATSC, DVB, or ISDB). In some countries, this is being forced on consumers and stations, while in others it is entirely voluntary.
In countries such as the United States, television stations usually just have one transmitter (or, more recently, two transmitters if the station broadcasts a digital signal in addition to its standard analog signal); most of these stations should be independent or affiliated to a television network such as ABC, CBS, Fox, or NBC. In other countries such as the United Kingdom, television stations are generally associated with a nationwide television network, through which they get all of, or at least significant amounts of, their programming. In those countries, individual stations usually have no call signs or other individual traits known to the general public, and are therefore largely nonexistent in the public mind.
Because some regions have had difficulty picking up over-the-air signals (particularly in mountainous areas), direct-to-home satellite and cable television has been introduced. Television channels specifically built to run on cable or satellite blur the line between TV station and TV network. That fact led some early cable channels to call themselves superstations.
In the United States, each nationwide terrestrial broadcast network can have a few "O&Os" — stations that it owns and operates, usually in the larger broadcast markets, like New York or Los Angeles. Satellite and cable have created changes. Broadcast stations in an area can sign up to be carried on cable (called "must-carry" in the U.S.), but content providers like TLC can too. They are not licensed to run broadcast equipment like a station, and they do not regularly provide content to licensed broadcasters either. Furthermore, a distributor like TNT may begin producing its own programming, and shows presented exclusively on cable/satellite by one distributor may be syndicated to broadcast stations.
A person viewing by cable or satellite might not know what kind of organization is responsible for the program, especially if it is syndicated, so what seems to be a station or a network may be neither.
For lists by country and language, see lists of television channels.
External links
- [http://www.setstudio.com/ Photos of television news sets from around the world]
Category:Television terminology
Category:Broadcast engineering
ja:テレビジョン放送局
Boise, IdahoThis article deals with the state capital of Idaho. For other places named Boise, refer to Boise (disambiguation).
Boise is the capital and largest city of Idaho, a state in the United States of America. As of the 2000 census, it has a population of 199,787. It is the county seat of Ada County, and the primary city of the Boise metropolitan area. Boise's elevation is 2,842 feet.
Introduction
Teetering between its rural roots and high-tech tomorrow, Boise's distinctive neighborhoods tell a story of growth. Elegant subdivisions line manicured golf courses and caress the Boise River. Rolling eastward and westward, these neighborhoods have replaced farmland, shortening the boundaries between adjacent towns.
What were once sleepy, rural villages are now considered Boise's bedroom communities like Meridian, Eagle, Nampa and Caldwell, all located west of Boise off Interstate 84. Boise proper is built around breathtaking mountains and sagebrush desert. Seven distinct districts, each with its own feel and attraction, introduce old Boise to new.
North End: The Beat of Boise Tree-lined Harrison Boulevard's historic mansions set the tone for this old neighborhood. Including the downtown area, this northern district is referred to by locals as the North End. Young couples looking for charm are fixing up North End homes, creating a renewed interest in one of Boise's original neighborhoods.
In the middle of the North End sits Hyde Park, with its boutiques and popular eateries like Lucky 13. For more than 20 years the Hyde Park Street Fair has set the tone for this funky neighborhood. Spilling into Camel's Back Park, one of Boise's more popular open spaces, the fair attracts visitors from all over the Treasure Valley.
East End: Mixing Old With New Like the North End, the area northeast of downtown Boise also boasts a historic street, Warm Springs Avenue. Posh Victorian homes make the avenue a tourist attraction. Many of the houses are geothermally heated, taking advantage of hot water sources for heat. Stretching high into the foothills, the East End also includes many modern homes with enviable views of the city.
In addition, the district hosts some of Boise's most impressive parks. Julia Davis Park, hugs the neighborhood's southern boundary while Warm Springs Golf Club stretches along its eastern edge. Nearby, the educational Morrison-Knudsen Nature Center is one of Boise's main attractions.
Northwest: Horses and High Prices Merging farmland with modern subdivisions, this northwestern district is a good example of the changes Boise is undergoing. From its eastern boundary near Eagle, the district touches the Boise River to the south and stretches north to include some of Boise's most exclusive subdivisions and the Quail Hollow Golf Course.
Although new homes punctuate the landscape, there is still plenty of room for horse pastures and older farm homes in this neighborhood, dating back to the late 1800s. One of the main roads, Collister, is named for Dr. George Collister, a Boise pioneer. Pierce Park Road takes its name from Walter Pierce, whose park-building efforts have been transformed into the Plantation Golf Course.
Garden City: City Within City Named for historic gardens raised by Chinese immigrants, this small city within Boise's boundaries stretches along Chinden Boulevard, also named for a Chinese garden. The 50-year-old city has a tarnished past from legalized gambling in the late 1940s to adult bookstores. Today, its main attraction is the Western Idaho Fairgrounds, home to the Western Idaho Fair. Les Bois Park offers horse racing, while professional baseball is found at the Hawks Memorial Stadium. Park and history lovers enjoy Centennial Park, honoring Garden City's original Chinese residents.
Boise Bench: 1950s Suburbia Meets High-Tech Not that long ago, the Boise Bench was a mishmash of 1950s brick bungalows and grander homes overlooking downtown Boise and its string of parks. Today, the Bench's character has changed because of Hewlett-Packard (HP), one of Boise's largest private employers, and the Boise Towne Square Mall.
Divided by Highway 184, the Bench includes the West Bench, dominated by HP and the Boise Towne Square Mall, and the Central Bench, home to quiet bungalows. Boise's largest parks, Ann Morrison Park and Kathryn Albertson Park, are found in the Central Bench. The Boise Train Depot, with its priceless views of downtown Boise and surrounding mountains, and the Stage Coach Theatre, home to entertaining community theater, also call this district home.
Southeast: Micron One word says it all for this southeastern district: Micron. Micron Technology's complex dominates the far eastern corner of this Boise neighborhood. Growing along with Micron, the area has sprouted subdivisions, housing Micron employees, and attractive greenspaces.
Even though the new threatens to overshadow the old here, southeastern Boise is also home to Barber Park, the official beginning for the longtime summer tradition of rafting the Boise River. Boise State University and the picturesque ParkCenter Boulevard are also found in southeastern Boise. ParkCenter hosts many corporate offices, hotels, posh eateries and exclusive Boise River neighborhoods.
Southwest: Big Sky Just across Interstate 84, this southwestern neighborhood unfolds across a high desert plain. There is less of everything in this area, less development, less shopping and less services. The Boise Municipal Airport, Idaho Military History Museum, and National Interagency Fire Center are the tourist highlights.
Growing Pains Southwest Boise also offers little in the way of transportation services. In fact, bus services are limited in Boise, but improving each year. The Boise Urban Stages (BUS) provides a comprehensive route through downtown Boise and the main shopping corridors. Nevertheless, Idahoans, like most Americans, love their cars and until recently traffic jams were unknown.
Growth has actually emphasized Boise's natural features. The imposing Boise Ridge, with its brown mountains reaching about 8,000-feet in height, is more important to Boiseans because of the growth spurt. In the winter residents dash to nearby Bogus Basin for a few hours of night skiing and in the summer Boise's recreation hub, the Boise River and Greenbelt Pathway come alive.
Who would have predicted Boise's growth? From the butt of late night comedians' jokes to repeated listings on best places to live lists, Boise defies classification. Its humble homesteading beginnings continue to be seen in the friendly approach its residents take to visitors. Regardless of its future, Boise will always offer visitors historic and modern neighborhoods that brush up against spectacular scenery.
History
A lush green valley appeared in front of the early 1800s French-Canadian fur-trappers like an oasis rising out of the dry, brown high desert. Overcome with excitement, they are rumored to have exclaimed "Les Bois! Les Bois!" literally translated as "the wooded" in French. This historic utterance not only named a city, but also established Boise's nickname, "City of Trees."
It wasn't long before the Hudson Bay Company, also drawn to the Boise River's fertile ground, established Fort Boise in 1834, near present-day Parma. The Fort's most famous guests were Oregon Trail emigrants, who after 1,554 miles of traveling arrived at Fort Boise's protective gates. An 1843 emigrant remarked that his stay at the Fort had been "exceedingly polite, courteous, and hospitable."
Overwhelmed by Indian attacks, Fort Boise closed in 1854. Interest in Fort Boise was renewed when gold was discovered in the Boise Basin. A new fort was built in the crossroads of the Oregon Trail and Boise Basin and Owyhee gold mines. With this kind of traffic, Boise prospered and soon became known as a bustling commercial hub.
One German immigrant saw the miners and cowboys tramping through Boise as thirsty customers. Opening his brewery in 1864, John Lemp eventually became known as the "Beer King of Idaho." When he died in 1912, he had lived in Boise longer than any other resident. Today, visitors can stroll along Lemp Street in Boise's North End.
The same year Lemp began peddling his brew, Boise was incorporated and named Idaho's territorial capital. Except for a short decline in population after the end of the gold rush, Boise has been growing ever since. Prosperity brought the need for a federal mint or assay office, and in 1872, after one year of construction, the US Assay Office opened in Boise.
Unfortunately, the good times also brought organized crime and petty criminals. On July 4, 1870 construction for the Idaho Penitentiary began. Local newspapers noted that it was ironic that the end of freedom for many began on Independence Day. Taking more than a decade to complete, the structure was mostly built with convict labor. The prison closed in 1973, but the Old Idaho Penitentiary is open today as a historic landmark and home to the Idaho Botanical Gardens.
Another important edifice, the original brick Capitol building, located between Sixth and Seventh and Jefferson and State streets, was built in 1886. Four years later, Idaho was named a state. Idaho's new government soon outgrew the Capitol, and in 1905 a new building was commissioned. Local sandstone from east Boise's Tablerock Quarry was used as well as convict labor. The sandstone and marble Capitol was completed in 1920, costing tax payers a little over $2 million.
Like many other high desert cities, Boise's growth depended on water. The expanding use of irrigation in the early 1900s brought farming families to the Boise Valley. Plans were made by the Boise Irrigation Project to construct the Arrowrock Dam, at the time the tallest dam in the world, and other Boise River dams.
The early 1900s brought other firsts to Boise. In 1914 Boise welcomed Moses Alexander as Idaho's governor, the first Jewish governor in the United States. Another first in the nation took place in 1926 when Boise received commercial airmail.
One of Boise's most prominent companies also saw its beginnings in the early 1900s. In 1912 Harry W. Morrison and Morris Han Knudson joined forces to start Morrison-Knudsen, an engineering, construction and manufacturing company. Morrison-Knudsen had its hand in some of the century's largest construction projects, including the Hoover Dam, San Francisco Bay Bridge and the Trans Alaska Pipeline.
Always a hospitable host to immigrants, Boise opened its gates in the 1930s to Basque travelers leaving their home in the Western Pyrenees Mountains for America's fortunes. Although the Basque started migrating to Idaho in the 1800s, the 1930s saw the largest migration, making Idaho home to the second largest group of Basque immigrants in the United States.
Even the Great Depression couldn't hold back Boise's growth. Boise State University welcomed its first students in 1932. Joe Albertson opened his first grocery store in Boise in 1939, marking the beginning of Albertson's Supermarkets. J.R. Simplot started processing potatoes in nearby Caldwell in 1941. Today, both Simplot and Albertson's are among Idaho's largest employers.
During World War II, Boise's Gowen Field hosted airmen as they trained for battle. Nearby Mountain Home opened the Mountain Home Air Force Base in 1942. Boise continued to prosper during the years following World War II. In 1957 two smaller lumber companies combined forces, creating Boise Cascade, which today has 2 million acres (8,000 km²) of timberland under its control. It isn't surprising that in 1959 Pete Oleson, president of the local Chambers of Commerce, coined Boise Valley's nickname, the Treasure Valley. He said that the name emphasized the "treasure chest of resources and opportunities in the area."
Boise was slow to respond to the tumultuous 1960s. The first civil rights march did not take place until 1968, after Martin Luther King's assassination. But it didn't take the Boise legislature long to catch on, creating the Idaho Human Rights Commission in 1969.
Boise's past 20 years have seen tremendous growth closely linked with two companies, Hewlett-Packard and Micron Technology. Hewlett-Packard created its Boise Division in 1973, specializing in scanners and printers. Today, it is one of Boise's largest private employers. Founded in 1978, Micron Technology designs and manufactures semiconductor memory components, and is Boise's largest private employer.
While Boise's high-tech industries continue to grow into the 21st century, it is easy to get lost in the busy fast-paced world of corporate culture. Visitors need only stroll through the Pioneer Village to feel Boise's humble beginnings. Compare the rustic cabins to the large Micron complex, and you will appreciate how far Boise has come in a relatively short time. Boise's future, as its past has proven, should be spectacular.
Geography
Pioneer Village
Boise City is located at 43°36'49" North, 116°14'16" West (43.613739, -116.237651).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 165.7 km² (64.0 mi²). 165.2 km² (63.8 mi²) of it is land and 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.33% water.
Demographics
2005 figures
The city of Boise, and the general metropolitan area have seen dramatic growth through the 1990s and 2000s. The Community Planning Association of Southwest Idaho (COMPASS) puts Boise's population as of 2005 at just more than 208,000 people [http://www.ktvb.com/news/localnews/stories/ktvbn-apr2505-boise_growth.213048919.html]. That is up 11 percent from the 2000 Census figures below.
Boise is now the third largest city in the Northwest, behind only Seattle and Portland, and ahead of Spokane and Tacoma. The city of Boise itself (not including the metro) has a greater population than Salt Lake City.
2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there are 185,787 people, 74,438 households, and 46,523 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,124.7/km² (2,913.1/mi²). There are 77,850 housing units at an average density of 471.3/km² (1,220.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 92.15% White, 0.77% Black or African American, 0.70% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 1.74% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. 4.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 74,438 households out of which 32.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% are married couples living together, 10.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% are non-families. 28.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.44 and the average family size is 3.03.
In the city the population is spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $42,432, and the median income for a family is $52,014. Males have a median income of $36,893 versus $26,173 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,696. 8.4% of the population and 5.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 9.7% of those under the age of 18 and 6.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Economy
Boise is the headquarters of Albertsons, Idaho Power, Micron Technology, Simplot, Washington Group International and WinCo Foods. Hewlett-Packard has a large complex in Boise which specializes in scanners and printers and is one of the largest employers in the area, second only to Micron.
Varney Airlines, founded by Walter Varney was formed in Boise. The company is the root of present day United Airlines, which still serves the city.
Education
The city is home to the Boise School District, which includes 34 elementary schools, 8 junior highs, 5 high schools and 2 specialty schools. Part of the Meridian School District overlap in to Boise city limits.
The city is home to five public high schools: Boise High School, Borah High School, Capital High School, Timberline High School as well as the Meridian district's Centennial High School,and the private Bishop Kelly High School.
Post-secondary educational options in Boise include Boise State University as well as a wide range of technical schools. Boise is home to Boise Bible College, an undergraduate degree-granting college that exists to train leaders for churches as well as missionaries for the world.
Culture
Boise is also rich in culture. It is home to the largest concentration of Basque people living outside of the Basque Country (encompassing parts of Spain and France) in the world, numbering about 20,000. There is a large Basque festival (known as Jaialdi) once every 5 years, and a vibrant Basque section of the city.
Boise's mayor, David H. Bieter is of Basque descent.
Boise is also a regional hub for jazz and theater. The Gene Harris Jazz Festival is hosted in Boise each spring.
The city is home to a number of museums, including the Boise Art Museum, Idaho Historical Museum and the Discovery Center of Idaho. Several theater groups operate in the city, including the Idaho Shakespeare Festival. Boise Little Theatre and the Boise Contemporary Theatre among others.
On the first Thursday of each month, a gallery stroll is hosted in the city's core business district by the Downtown Boise Association.
Major attractions
Boise Contemporary Theatre
A number of recreational opportunities are available, including extensive hiking and biking in the foothills to the immediate north of downtown and an extensive urban trail system called the Boise River Greenbelt that runs along the river. The Boise River itself is a common destination for fishing, swimming and rafting.
Bogus Basin Mountain Resort hosts several winter activities, including cross-country and downhill skiing, snowboarding and snow tubing. “Bogus” is just 16 miles outside city limits (less than an hour drive from downtown).
Minor professional sports teams in Boise include the short-season Class A Boise Hawks (Minor League Baseball), the Idaho Steelheads of the East Coast Hockey League, and the Idaho Stampede of the Continental Basketball Association.
The Boise State University campus is home to Velma V. Morrison Center for the Performing Arts, home to local and national fine arts performances; Bronco Stadium, the 30,000 seat football stadium known for its blue AstroTurf; and Taco Bell Arena, a 12,000 seat basketball and entertainment venue.
The MPC Computers Bowl football game is held in late December of each year, and pairs a team from the Western Athletic Conference with an at-large team.
The World Center for Birds of Prey is located just outside city limits, and is a key part of the re-establishment of the Peregrine falcon and the subsequent removal from the Endangered Species list. The center is currently breeding the very rare California condor, among many other rare and endangered species.
The city has been cited by publications like Forbes, Fortune and Sunset for quality of life.
Boise is serviced by the Boise Air Terminal, located in the Southeastern part of the city.
Media
See also: Boise media
The greater-Boise area is served by two weekly newspapers, two daily newspapers, five commercial television stations, and a variety of other media.
Transportation
The major highway serving Boise is I-84, with I-184 branching toward the northeast. There is also a network of bike paths throughout the city and surrounding region.
Commercial air service is provided at Boise Air Terminal, recently renovated to accommodate the growing number of passengers flying in and out of Boise. Public bus transportation is provided by ValleyRide and the Boise Urban Stages (BUS).
External links
- [http://www.cityofboise.org/ City of Boise]
- [http://www.boise.org/ Boise Convention and Visitors Bureau]
- [http://www.boisechamber.org/ Boise Area Chamber of Commerce]
- [http://www.ccdcboise.com/ Capital City Development Corp., Boise's redevelopment agency]
- [http://www.idahostatesman.com/ Idaho Statesman]
- [http://boiseweekly.com/ Boise Weekly]
- [http://www.bogusbasin.com/ Bogus Basin Mountain Resort]
- [http://www.Untraveledroad.com/USA/Idaho/ada/Boise.htm Photographic virtual tour of Boise.]
- [http://www.ktvb.com/ Idaho News from KTVB]
- [http://www.valleyride.org/buspage.htm ValleyRide - public transit]
Category:Cities in Idaho
Category:Ada County, Idaho
Category:U.S. state capitals
Category:Boise, Idaho
ja:ボイシ
Idaho
Idaho is a state located in the northwestern United States. Its capital is Boise and the U.S. postal abbreviation is ID.
Name
Idaho is perhaps the only state to be named as the result of a hoax. When a name was being selected for new territory, eccentric lobbyist George M. Willing suggested "Idaho," an Indian term he claimed meant "gem of the mountains". It was later revealed Willing had made up the name himself, and the original Idaho territory was re-named Colorado because of it. Eventually the controversy was forgotten, and modern-day Idaho was given the made-up name when the Idaho Territory was formally created in 1863.
History
The Lewis and Clark expedition entered present-day Idaho on August 12, 1805, at the Lemhi Pass. At that time, approximately 8,000 Native Americans lived in the region.
Idaho was subsequently part of Oregon Territory and later Washington Territory, fur trading and missionary work attracting the first settlers to the region. In 1836 Henry H. Spalding established a mission near Lapwai, where he printed the Northwest's first book, established Idaho's first school, developed Idaho's first irrigation system, and grew the state's first potatoes. Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Spalding were the first white women to cross the continental divide (South Pass).
While thousands passed through Idaho during the California gold rush of 1849, few people settled there. The first organized town in Idaho was Franklin, settled in 1860 by Mormon pioneers. When organized as a territory in 1863, Idaho's total population was under 17,000.
On March 4, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed an act creating Idaho Territory. The political stability of the territorial period encouraged settlement. Almost immediately, a public school system was created, stage coach lines were established and a newspaper, the Idaho Statesman, began publication. In 1865, Boise replaced Lewiston as capital. The 1861 discovery of gold in Idaho and the completion of the transcontinental railway in 1869 brought many new people to the territory, including Chinese laborers who came to work the mines. When President Benjamin Harrison signed the law admitting Idaho as a U.S. state on July 3, 1890, the population was 88,548. An interesting fact is that Idaho almost never became a state - in 1887, President Grover Cleveland refused to sign a bill that would have combined southern Idaho with Nevada and northern Idaho with the Washington Territory. Sectionalism in early Idaho was abated by moving the University of Idaho from its planned location in Eagle Rock (near Idaho Falls) to Moscow in northern Idaho. Idaho still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.
1889
As Idaho approached statehood, mining and other extractive industries became increasingly important to her economy. By the 1890s, for example, Idaho exported more lead than any other state. Although Idaho's dependence on mining has decreased, the state remains a top producer of silver and lead. Today, Idaho's industrial economy is growing, with high-tech products a leading sector. Since the late 1970s, Boise has emerged as a center for semiconductor manufacturing. Boise is the home of Micron Technology Inc., the only U.S. manufacturer of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips. Hewlett-Packard has operated a large plant in Boise, in southwestern Idaho, since the 1970s, devoted primarily to LaserJet printers.[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar04.html]
A troubling development in the 1980s was the development in North Idaho of a few right-wing extremist and "survivalist" political groups, most notably one holding Neo-Nazi views, the Aryan Nations. These groups were most heavily concentrated in the Panhandle region of the state, particularly in the vicinity of Coeur d'Alene, a resort town. Although Idaho is a conservative state politically, with the most Republican legislature in the U.S., the vast majority of its residents reject such hateful ideologies. In 2001 the Aryan Nations compound, which had been located in Hayden Lake, Idaho, was confiscated as a result of a court case, and the organization moved out of state. About the same time Boise installed an impressive stone Human Rights Memorial featuring as bronze statue of Anne Frank and quotations from her and many other writers extolling human freedom and equality.
Law and government
Coeur d'Alene
State government
The current Governor of Idaho is Dirk Kempthorne (Republican), re-elected in 2002.
See: List of Idaho Governors
The constitution of Idaho provides for 3 branches of government: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Idaho has a bicameral legislature, elected from 35 legislative districts, each represented by one Senator and two Representatives.
United States Senators:
- Larry E. Craig (Republican)
- Mike Crapo (Republican)
House of Representatives:
Idaho has two House Representatives
- 1st District: C.L. "Butch" Otter (Republican)
- 2nd District: Mike Simpson (Republican)
On the national level Idaho is a strongly Republican state which has not supported a Democrat for president since 1964. Even in that election, Lyndon Johnson defeated Barry Goldwater by less than two percentage points. In 2004, George W. Bush carried Idaho by a margin of 38 percentage points and 68.4 percent of the vote, winning in 43 of 44 counties. Only Blaine County, which contains the Sun Valley ski resort, supported John Kerry.
The Idaho Legislature has been continuously controlled by the Republican Party since the late 1950s, although Democratic legistators are routinely elected from Boise, Pocatello, Blaine County and the northern Panhandle.
Geography
Blaine County
Blaine County
Blaine County
Blaine County
See: List of Idaho counties
Idaho borders Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Montana, Wyoming and the Canadian province of British Columbia (the Idaho-BC border is 48 miles long). Idaho has a rugged landscape with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the country. Idaho is a Rocky Mountain state with exciting scenery and enormous natural resources. Idaho has towering, snow-capped mountain ranges, swirling white rapids, peaceful lakes and steep canyons. The churning waters of Snake River rush through Hells Canyon, which is deeper than the Grand Canyon. Shoshone Falls plunges down rugged cliffs from a height greater than that of Niagara Falls.
The major rivers in Idaho are the Snake River, the Clearwater River and the Salmon River. Other significant rivers include the Boise River and the Payette River.
Idaho's highest point is Borah Peak in the Lost River Mountains north of Mackay. Idaho's lowest point is in Lewiston, where the Clearwater River joins the Snake River and continues into Washington.
Most major cities in Idaho, including Boise, Idaho Falls, Pocatello and Twin Falls, are in the Mountain Standard Time Zone. Areas north of the Salmon River, including Coeur d'Alene and Lewiston, are in the Pacific Standard Time Zone.
Lakes
- Coeur d'Alene
- Priest Lake
- Payette Lake (McCall)
- Pend Oreille
- Lake Lowell
- Henery's Lake
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- Sawtooth National Recreational Area
- Redfish Lake
- Alturas Lake
- Petit Lake
- Sawtooth Lake
|
National Parks
- California National Historic Trail
- City of Rocks National Reserve
- Craters of the Moon National Monument
- Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument
- Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
- Minidoka Internment National Monument
- Nez Perce National Historical Park
- Oregon National Historic Trail
- Yellowstone National Park
State Parks
Surrounding Territories
- British Columbia - north
- Montana - east
- Nevada - southwest
- Oregon - west
- Utah - south
- Washington - west
- Wyoming - east
Economy
The state's gross product for 2004 was $43.6 billion. The Per Capita Income for 2004 was $26,881.
Idaho is an important agricultural state, producing nearly one third of the potatoes grown in the United States. Other important agricultural products are beans, lentils, sugar beets, cattle, dairy products, wheat, and barley.
Important industries in Idaho are food processing, lumber and wood products, machinery, chemical products, paper products, electronics manufacturing, silver and other mining, and tourism. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL), a government lab for nuclear energy research, is also an important part of the eastern Idaho economy.
Idaho: A Healthy and Diversified Economy
- Idaho's personal income increased nearly 22 percent between 1999 & 2003, ranking the state 10th nationally, exceeding the national average (BEA, 4/2003).
- Idaho exports increased 6.5% in value during 2003, reversing two years of decline. Top export products include high tech, food & agriculture and wood & building materials. (U.S. Department of Commerce)
- Idaho is number one in the nation in the production of potatoes, trout and winter peas. The state ranks in the top 10 in 22 other products.
- Idaho is 7th in the nation in population growth rate. (U.S. Census)
Idaho: A Great Place to Do Business
- Idaho has the 14th lowest overall cost of doing business in U.S., 4th lowest in West (Economy.com, 11/ 2003).
- Idaho's overall tax burden per capita is the 2nd lowest in the West.
- Idaho has the 2nd lowest state and local per capita debt in the nation.
- Between 1997-2004, Idaho ranks fourth in growth of women-owned businesses, first in the nation in employment growth and 3rd in sales. (Center for Women’s Business Research).
- Forbes recently named Idaho the fourth best state in the country for "economic freedom," based on a study it did in conjunction with the Pacific Research Institute.
- "The Gold Guide," published by the National Policy Research Council in Washington, D.C., placed Idaho 13th among all states in the "Best of the Best" ranking. We ranked third in the nation for infrastructure costs and resources (public services and facilities that support business activity), seventh for low crime rate, 14th for economic dynamism and quality of life, and 16th for entrepreneurial climate.
Idaho's Emerging Science & Technology Economy:
- Idaho is number one in the nation for patents issued per capita. Idaho companies such as Micron, Hewlett-Packard and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Lab account for a large percentage of the patents issued (US Patent Trademark Office, 2001).
- Science and technology employ one out of every ten workers and represents nearly 25% of Idaho's economy ($9.3 billion)
- Idaho's high-tech industry is one of the state's largest employers.
- Idaho ranks 5th in the nation in semiconductor employment with 12,000 jobs.
- Idaho is 14th in the nation in per capita research and development spending.
- Idaho ranks third in the US in percentages of exports coming from high-tech firms (60 percent), behind New Mexico and Vermont (AEA 11/2003)
- Micron Technology and AMI Semiconductors are two of Idaho's largest semiconductor manufacturers. Micron Technology is the largest manufacturer of DRAM semiconductor chips in the U.S. and the 2nd largest in the world.
- Idaho ranks 4th in the nation in growth of venture capital investments. (AEA, 2003)
- Idaho is #3 on Business Facilities' list of Top 10 High Tech Rapid Growth States, 2000-2010. (Business Facilities, August, 2003)
- Pocatello is number one in high tech growth for smaller metros, and Boise is first in high-tech growth for larger metros in the Milken Instituteís annual survey of the nation's best performing cities. (Milken Institute, November, 2004)
Idaho is Well-Connected:
- Idaho is eighth in the nation for being consumer friendly for Internet transactions. (The Washington D.C.-based Progressive Policy Institute, March 2002).
- In 2000, Idaho ranked 3rd among states for ‘digital government' (Center for Digital government).
- In 1999, 97 percent of Idaho's schools had Internet access; 86 percent had access from more than one classroom (Tech Counts '99; EdWeek, 2000).
Demographics
As of 2004, the population of Idaho was estimated to be 1,393,262. There were 81,000 foreign-born in the state (comprising 5.6% of the state population), of which 19,000 were illegal aliens (illegal aliens comprised about one-fourth of the foreign-born population and 1.4% of state population).
Since 1990, Idaho's population has increased 386,000 (38%).
Race
The racial makeup of Idaho:
- 88% White
- 7.9% Hispanic
- 1.4% Native American
- 0.9% Asian
- 0.4% Black
- 2% Mixed race
The five largest reported ancestries in the state are: German (18.9%), English (18.1%), Irish (10%), American (8.4%), Norwegian (3.6%).
Religion
Norwegian
As with many other western states, the percentage of Idaho's population identifying themselves as "non-religious" (an umbrella term which is sometimes synonymous with or includes elements of atheism, agnosticism, skepticism, freethought, humanism, secular humanism, heresy, logical positivism, and apathy) is higher than the rest of the country.
The current religious affiliations of the people of Idaho are shown in the table below:
- Christian – 80%
- Protestant – 50%
- Baptist – 10%
- Methodist – 10%
- Lutheran – 3%
- Presbyterian – 3%
- Other Protestant or general Protestant – 24%
- Mormon – 14%
- Catholic – 15%
- Other Religions – <1%
- Non-Religious – 20%
Important cities and towns
Education
Colleges and universities
Professional sports teams
The Minor League baseball teams are:
- Boise Hawks
- Idaho Falls Chukars
Other minor league sports teams:
- Idaho Stampede
- Idaho Steelheads
Miscellaneous information
Major highways
Well-known Idahoans
- See :Category:People from Idaho
See also
- Red Rock Pass - The pass where the ancient Lake Bonneville was emptied.
External links
- http://www.state.id.us/
- [http://www.idahoparks.org/ Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation]
- [http://www.visitid.org/ Visit Idaho site]
- [http://www.Untraveledroad.com/USA/Idaho.htm A photographic virtual tour of Idaho]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html U.S. Census Bureau]
- [http://www.usnewspapers.org/state/idaho Idaho Newspapers]
Category:States of the American West
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Category:States of the United States
ko:아이다호 주
ja:アイダホ州
th:มลรัฐไอดาโฮ
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company or NBC is an American television broadcasting company based in New York City's Rockefeller Center. It is now part of the media conglomerate NBC Universal, and supplies programming to more than 200 affiliated U.S. stations. NBC Universal is a unit of General Electric.
The last U.S. network holding company to legally abandon the name behind its acronym, in 2003 the corporate name was shrunk from "National Broadcasting Company, Inc.", as it had been from 1926, to NBC Universal, Inc. following a merger with Vivendi Universal's Entertainment division in 2004. (ABC still occasionally uses American Broadcasting Company or Companies for some copyrights and on-air branding.)
Control of the network passed to GE in 1986 following the purchase of NBC's original parent, RCA. Since this acquisition, the President and CEO of NBC has been Bob Wright.
History
Bob Wright]
Radio
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) radio network went on the air with twenty-four affiliated stations on November 15, 1926. It was owned by Radio Corporation of America (RCA), itself set up in 1919 to control Guglielmo Marconi's American patents; RCA in turn was owned by General Electric Company (GE), the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, the United Fruit Company and American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T).
In a time of consolidation in the radio business, RCA had bought New York station WEAF from AT&T. RCA shareholder Westinghouse had a competing facility in Newark, pioneer station WJZ, which also served as originating station for a loosely-structured network. As NBC took over responsibility for these stations, WEAF and its affiliates became the NBC Red network; the WJZ group was dubbed the NBC Blue network.
WEAF had been a laboratory for AT&T's Western Electric, which manufactured transmitters and antennas. AT&T's long-distance and local Bell operating divisions were developing technologies for transmitting voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, via both wireless and wired methods. So AT&T's creation of station WEAF in 1922 offered a research-and-development center for these activities. WEAF put together a regular schedule of programs of all types, and created some of the first broadcasts to incorporate commercial endorsements or sponsorships. An immediate success, and created links with other stations to offer coverage of sports or political events. WEAF's first efforts in what would become known first as "chain broadcasting" and later as "networking" tied together Outlet Company's WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island with AT&T's WCAP in Washington, D.C. (named for the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company division of AT&T).
RCA also saw an advantage in sharing programming, and after getting a license for station WRC in Washington, D.C. in 1923, attempted to transmit audio between cities via low-quality telegraph lines (since AT&T refused outside companies access to their high-quality phone lines.) The effort was poor at best, with the uninsulated telegraph lines incapable of good audio transmission quality and very susceptible to both atmospheric and man-made electrical interference.
In 1925 the management of AT&T decided that WEAF and its network was not compatible with AT&T's goal of providing phone service, and offered to sell the station to RCA, whose business was set manufacturing. When RCA bought WEAF, it gained rights to rent AT&T's phone lines for network transmission.
For $1 million, RCA got WEAF and a Washington sister-station, WCAP. It closed WCAP, and created a wholly-owned division called the National Broadcasting Company (it was actually owned 50% by RCA, 30% by General Electric, and 20% by Westinghouse). WEAF and Westinghouse's WJZ and the two networks were operated side-by-side for about a year, but in 1927 NBC formally split the two networks: the NBC Red Network offered entertainment and music programming; the NBC Blue Network carried many of the "sustaining" or non-sponsored programs, especially news and cultural in nature. Legend has it that the color designations originated from the color of the push-pins early engineers used to designate affiliates of WEAF (red pins) and WJZ (blue pins). At various times in the 1930s there were other color designations, with the NBC White, Gold, and Orange networks operating in various configurations in the south, the midwest and on the west coast.
The famous three-note NBC chimes came about after several years of trying different musical note combinations. The three note combination (G-E-C; not related at all to RCA's original stockholder General Electric-and as such NBC was basically controlled by GE, since GE held a 30% share combined with RCA's 50%) came from WSB in Atlanta which used it for its own purposes until one day someone at NBC in New York heard the WSB version of the notes during a networked broadcast of a Georgia Tech football game and asked permission to use it on the national network. NBC started to use the three notes in 1931, and it was the first ever audio trademark to be accepted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. An alternate jingle was also used that went E-G-C-C, known as "the fourth chime" and used during wartime (especially in the wake of the Pearl Harbor bombing) and other disasters. The NBC chimes were mechanized in 1932 by Richard H. Ranger of the Rangertone company; their purpose was to send a low level signal of constant amplitude that would be heard by the various switching stations manned by NBC and AT&T engineers, and thus used as a system cue for switching different stations between the Red and Blue network feeds. Because of fears of offending commercial sponsors by cutting their programs off in mid-sentence, the mechanized chimes were always rung by an announcer pushing a button; they were never set to an automatic timer, although heavy discussions on the subject were held between the Engineering and Programming departments throughout the 1930s and 1940s.
NBC became the primary tenant in the brand new Rockefeller Center project in 1936. It would serve as the home of radio operations, some RCA corporate operations, and RCA-owned RKO Pictures.
From its creation in 1934, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had studied the monopolistic effects of network broadcasting on the industry, and found that NBC's two networks and their owned-and-operated stations dominated audiences, affiliates and advertising dollars in American radio. In 1939 the FCC ordered RCA to divest itself of one of the two networks; RCA fought the divestiture order, but divided NBC into two companies in 1940 in case an appeal was lost. The Blue network became the "NBC Blue Network, Inc." and the NBC Red became "NBC Red Network, Inc."
1940
With the loss of the final appeal before the United States Supreme Court, RCA sold the NBC Blue Network, Inc. for $8 million to Lifesavers magnate Edward J. Noble in 1943. For his money Noble got the network name, leases on land-lines and the New York studios, two-and-a half stations (WJZ in Newark/New York, KGO in San Francisco, and WENR in Chicago which shared a frequency with "Prairie Farmer" station WLS), and about 60 affiliates. Noble renamed the company "The Blue Network, Inc." but wanted something more memorable. In 1944 he acquired rights to the name "American Broadcasting Company" from George Storer and the Blue Network became ABC. "NBC Red" reverted to being simply "NBC" when Blue was sold.
In the golden days of network broadcasting, 1930 to 1950, NBC was the pinnacle of American radio. Home to many of the most popular stars and programs, NBC stations were often the most powerful, or occupied clear-channel frequencies so that they were heard nation-wide. Such well-known stars as Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Edgar Bergen and Fred Allen called NBC home, as did Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony. As television became more popular in the 1950s, many NBC radio stars gravitated there, and by 1960 the radio network's schedule was much reduced. By the late 1960s, there was little more to NBC Radio than news bulletins and news-related features.
Since the 1986 acquisition of RCA, NBC has been GE's most consistently profitable division. In compliance with FCC rules, NBC Radio was sold following the sale to GE, to Westwood One. While the chimes and an hourly newscast still appear on radio at certain times on weekdays, the NBC Radio Network as a programming service ceased to exist in 1989, and became a brand-name on material produced by Westwood One.
Television
For many years NBC was closely identified with David Sarnoff, who used it as a vehicle to sell consumer electronics. It was Sarnoff who ruthlessly stole innovative ideas from competitors, using RCA's muscle to prevail in the courts. RCA and Sarnoff had dictated the broadcasting standards put in place by the FCC in 1938, and stole the spotlight by introducing television to the public at the 1939-40 New York World's Fair. While rivals CBS and DuMont also offered color broadcasting plans, RCA convinced a waffling FCC that its color system should prevail, and in 1953 the FCC agreed; the NBC network was to begin offering color programming within days of the FCC's decision. The first NBC show to air all episodes in color, Bonanza, began in the fall of 1959. By 1963, most of NBC's schedule was in color; without television sets to sell, rival networks followed more slowly, CBS in 1965 and ABC in 1966.
In 1983, NBC began its new fall season with nine new series. All nine of them were eventually cancelled before completing a year. This is the only time that a network's entire line of new series has failed to be renewed.
It was estimated in 2003 that NBC is viewable by 97.17% of all households, reaching 103,624,370 houses in the United States. NBC has 207 VHF and UHF affiliated stations in the U.S. and U.S. possessions. It is also seen throughout Latin America and the Caribbean via cable and satellite using the WNBC feed.
Evolution of the NBC logo
NBC has used a number of logos throughout its history, early logos were similar to the logo of its then parent company, RCA, but later logos included stylized peacock images.
NBC News
While CBS has received more attention from historians discussing broadcast journalism history, NBC's news operation was equal to it. From 1956 through 1970, the television broadcast team of Chet Huntley and David Brinkley consistently exceeded the viewership levels attained by CBS News and its main anchor Walter Cronkite. The pair, together with fellow correspondent Frank McGee, distinguished itself in the coverage of American manned space missions in the Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo programs, during an era when space missions rated continuous coverage. (An entire studio, Studio 8H, was configured for this coverage, complete with models and mockups of rockets and spacecraft, maps of the earth and moon to show orbital trackage, and stages on which animated figures created by puppeteer Bil Baird were used to depict movements of astronauts before on-board spacecraft television cameras were feasible. Studio 8H is now the home of the NBC entertainment program Saturday Night Live.) The dominance ended when Huntley retired, to only die from cancer in 1974. The loss of Huntley, along with a reluctance of RCA to fund NBC News at the level CBS was funding CBS News, left NBC News in the doldrums. NBC News did not recover viewership levels until after GE acquired RCA.
NBC News got the first interview from two Russian presidents (Putin, Gorbachev) and was the only American eye-witness of the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
In the second Iraq war, NBC News and main anchor Tom Brokaw covered the war like no other television company, in part owing to the willingness of GE to fund it. NBC News correspondent David Bloom pushed through the GE and U.S. Department of Defense bureaucracies permission to construct a mobile news vehicle that could transmit live video broadcasts from the battlefield. The "Bloommobile" brought satellite images and videos (clear, detailed) into homes of America and Europe, live and one-on-one. Bloom did not live to accept the accolades after the armed conflict; he died of natural causes unrelated to combat during the final phase of the fighting.
NBC News also benefits from the GE corporate structure by having the ability to take reports from its cable counterpart MSNBC.
See also
- NBC News
- NBC Sports
- List of programs broadcast by NBC
- List of United States television networks
- List of NBC affiliates
- List of NBC slogans
- Lists of corporate assets
- NBC chimes
External links
- [http://www.nbc.com/ NBC Television official site]
- [http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/N/htmlN/nationalbroa/nationalbroa.htm Museum of Broadcast Communications - NBC History]
- [http://www.tv-ark.org.uk/international/us_nbc.html Screen captures of NBC logos past and present, as well as footage of vintage promos]
- [http://www.nbcumv.com/broadcast/ NBC press releases and photos on NBC Universal Media Village]
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Category:Companies based in New York City
Category:General Electric subsidiaries
NBC television network
Category:United States television networks
ja:National Broadcasting Company
nb:National Broadcasting Company
UHF:This article is about the radio frequency. See also UHF (film), UHF (music video), and UHF (band)
Ultra high frequency (UHF) designates a range (band) of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is between 300 MHz (Wavelength 1 meter) and 3.0 GHz (Wavelength 10 centimetres) . Waves whose frequency is above the UHF band fall into the microwave or higher bands, while lower frequency signals fall into the VHF or lower bands. See electromagnetic spectrum for a full listing of frequency bands.
Uses
UHF and VHF are the most common frequency bands for television. Modern mobile phones also transmit and receive within the UHF spectrum, and UHF is widely used for two-way radio communication (usually using narrowband frequency modulation, but digital services are on the rise) by both public service agencies and the general public. Though television broadcasting is common on UHF, there has traditionally been very little radio broadcasting in this band until fairly recently; see digital audio broadcasting for details.
Characteristics
The transmission of radio waves from one point to another is affected by many variables such as atmospheric moisture, the stream of particles from the sun called solar wind, and time of day.
All radio waves are somewhat absorbed by atmospheric moisture. This reduces, or attenuates, the strength of radio signals over long distances. However, this effect increases according to the frequency: UHF signals are generally more degraded by moisture than lower bands such as VHF.
As well, the layer of the Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere is filled with charged particles that can reflect radio waves. This can be helpful in transmitting a radio signal, since the wave bounces from the sky to the ground over and over, convering long distances. However, UHF benefits less from this effect than lower (VHF, etc.) frequencies.
As the atmosphere warms and cools throughout the day, UHF transmissions may be enhanced by tropospheric ducting.
Advantages
The main advantage of UHF transmission is that its high frequency means it has a physically short wave. Since the size of transmission and reception equipment (particularly antennas) is related to the size of the wave, smaller, less conspicuous antennas can be used than with VHF or lower bands.
UHF is also widely used in two-way radio systems and cordless phones due to the fact that since UHF signals essentially travel over line-of-sight distances, distant transmissions cannot travel far enough to interfere with local transmissions. A great number of public safety and business communications are handled on UHF, and civilian applications such as GMRS, PMR446, and UHF CB are extremely popular. Where communications greater than line-of-sight are required, a repeater is used to propagate signals that otherwise would not reach their destinations.
History
United States
On December 29, 1949 KC2XAK of Bridgeport, Connecticut became the first UHF television station to operate on a regular daily schedule. The first true commercially licensed UHF television station on the air was KPTV/Channel 27 (now VHF Channel 12) in Portland, Oregon on September 18, 1952.
In the United States, UHF stations (broadcast channels above 13) originally gained a reputation for being more locally owned, less polished, less professional, less popular, and for having a weaker signal than their VHF counterparts (channels 2–13). The movie UHF, starring "Weird Al" Yankovic, parodied this phenomenon. In the late 1940s/early 1950s, the four major TV networks (NBC, CBS, ABC and DuMont) transmitted their programs through VHF and the independent stations through UHF.
However, with the emergence of additional broadcast television networks (Fox, UPN, WB, and i), the concentration of media ownership, and the proliferation of cable television, digital television, and DSS in the 1990s, the distinction between UHF and VHF stations has virtually disappeared in the United States. Most HDTV stations broadcast their over-the-air signal in the UHF band.
The Family Radio Service and General Mobile Radio Service use the 462 and 467MHz areas of the UHF spectrum; there is also a great amount of unlicensed activity (cordless phones, wireless networking, and the like) clustered around 900MHz and 2.4GHz.
United Kingdom
In Britain, UHF television began with the launch of BBC2 in 1964. BBC1 and ITV soon added their own services on UHF (British channels 21 to 69), and PAL colour was introduced on UHF only in 1967–1969. VHF was phased out by 1986. Today all British terrestrial (non-satellite) television channels (analogue and digital) are on UHF. A drawback to this is the very large number of small relay transmitters needed to fill in gaps in the main transmitters' coverage, which would not have been necessary with a VHF system due to its different propagation characteristics.
Australia
In Australia, UHF was first anticipated in the mid 1970s with channels 28 to 69. The first UHF TV broadcasts in Australia were operated by Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) on channel 28 in Sydney and Melbourne starting in 1980, and translator stations for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The UHF band is now used extensively as ABC, SBS, commercial and community (public access) television services have expanded particularly through regional areas.
Australia also provides the UHF CB service for general-purpose two-way communications.
Frequency Allocation - United States
A brief summary of some UHF frequency usage:
- 300–420 MHz: government use, including meteorology
- 420–450 MHz: radiolocation and Amateur "70 cm" band
- 450–470 MHz: UHF business band, GMRS, and FRS 2-way "walkie-talkies"
- 470–512 MHz: TV channels 14–20, public safety
- 512–698 MHz: TV channels 21–51
- 698–806 MHz: TV channels 52–69 (to be auctioned for other uses once conversion to digital TV has been accomplished)
- 806–824 MHz: pocket pagers and Nextel SMR band
- 824–849 MHz: Cellular phones, A & B franchises, mobile phone
- 849–869 MHz: public safety 2-way (fire, police, ambulance)
- 869–894 MHz: cellular phones, A & B franchises, base station
- 902–928 MHz: ISM band: cordless phones and stereo, [http://www.smartcodecorp.com/solutions/rfidi_overview.asp RFID], datalinks, Amateur radio 33cm band
- 928–960 MHz: mixed Studio-Transmitter Links, mobile 2-way, other
- 1240–1300 MHz: Amateur radio
- 1850–1910 MHz: PCS mobile phone—note below
- 1930–1990 MHz: PCS base stations—note below
- note: order is A, D, B, E, F, C blocks. A, B, C = 15 MHz; D, E, F = 5 MHz
- 2310–2360 MHz: Satellite radio (Sirius and XM)
- 2390–2450 MHz: Amateur radio, shared with below:
- 2400–2483.5 MHz: ISM, IEEE 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g Wireless LAN
- around 2450 MHz: Microwave oven
Category:Radio spectrum
ko:UHF
ja:極超短波
KING-TV
KING, "KING 5" is a television station in Seattle, Washington, USA. It is affiliated with the NBC network, and broadcasts on analog VHF channel 5 and digital UHF channel 48. Its offices and broadcasting center are located just east of Seattle Center.
History
Early years
When Channel 5 came on the air as KRSC-TV for the first time in November 1948, it became the first television station north of San Francisco and west of the Mississippi River. The first broadcast, a live remote of a Thanksgiving day high school football game, was plagued with technical difficulties but local viewers were impressed nonetheless. After eight months on the air under the ownership of the Radio Sales Corporation, Channel 5 was purchased by Dorothy Bullitt and the King Broadcasting Company. The station became KING-TV to match its AM and FM sisters.
Once the FCC-imposed freeze on TV licenses was rescinded in the early '50s, KING lost its monopoly on the Seattle TV market. KING went from "cherry picking" programs from all four networks to being left with the then-poor-performing ABC. Bullitt lobbied NBC for affiliation, and in 1959 NBC pulled its affiliation from cross-town rival KOMO-TV and granted it to KING.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, KING-TV was known for its commitment to local news. Reporters such as Charles Herring, Ted Bryant, Mike James, Bob Faw and Seattle's first female newscaster, Jean Enersen, set a high standard for television journalism in Seattle. Management did not shy away from progressive causes during this time. Station president Stimson Bullitt angered the Johnson Administration with a groundbreaking anti-Vietnam war editorial in 1966. Investigative reporter Don McGaffin gave significant coverage to growing racial tensions in the city as well as corruption in the Seattle Police Department.
The station was also well-known for its entertainment personalities. Among these are:
- "KING's Queen" host Bea Donovan;
- Children's program hosts Stan Boreson and "Wunda Wunda" (played by Ruth Prins); and
- Weatherman and on-air cartoonist Bob Hale.
1970s and 80s
By the 1970s and 1980s, KING-TV was the flagship of a growing regional media empire, which at various times included ventures in publishing, moviemaking, cable television and even various timber assets in the Far East.
During this time, the KING-TV news department was also a launching pad for several network news reporters, including CNN's Aaron Brown and Lou Dobbs, CBS Early Show contributor Hattie Kauffman and NBC correspondent James Hattori. Future meteorologist and author Jeff Renner joined KING-TV in 1977.
Locally produced programming included Seattle Today, a midmorning talk show hosted by Cliff Lenz; Almost Live!, a Saturday night talk and sketch-comedy program originally starring Ross Shafer; and a local Evening Magazine franchise, first hosted by Penny LeGate and Brian Tracey. Only Evening Magazine exists today.
King Broadcasting stations included KGW radio and television in Portland, KREM-TV Spokane, KTVB-TV Boise, KHNL-TV Honolulu and KYA/KOIT radio San Francisco.
Long-time station-owner Bullitt died in June of 1989.
1990s
Bullit's daughters Harriet and Patsy decided to sell the King assets in 1992 -- eventually unloading King Broadcasting (including KING, KREM, KGW, KTVB, KHNL and the cable system assets) to the Providence Journal Company. KING-TV and other King Broadcasting stations later became Belo properties as a result of that company's merger with ProJo in the mid-90s. (KHNL was later sold to Raycom.)
Bonneville International Corporation purchased KING-AM in 1994, changed the station's call letters to KINF (later KNWX) and switched to an all-news format. KNWX switched frequencies with KRPM 770 a year later, transferring ownership of the 1090 allocation to EZ Communications, Inc. As of late 2004, Infinity Broadcasting-owned KPTK 1090 is home of Air America Radio. KING-FM was donated to a non-profit partnership of the Seattle Symphony, the Seattle Opera, and ArtsFund. It continues the classical music format started by Dorothy Bullitt and is one of the few remaining commercial classical radio stations in the nation today.
The 1990s also saw the end of Almost Live!. During this decade, the show launched the career of Bill Nye the Science Guy.
On December 18, 1995, King Broadcasting launched Northwest Cable News, a 24 hour regional cable news operation available to viewers in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. In much of the Seattle area, NWCN is available on cable channel 2.
Present day
Belo also operates KONG television, an independent station featuring some news programming (provided by KING) and syndicated shows. KONG is available on UHF channel 16, and Comcast cable channel 6.
In addition, an NBC Weather Plus affiliate, owned by Belo, broadcasts from the building. It is broadcast over-the-air on digital channel 5.2, and cablecasts on Comcast's digital tier in the Puget Sound area.
The KING news slogan is "Coverage You Can Count On".
Currently, syndicated TV shows seen on this station include The Tyra Banks Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Dr. Phil, Oprah and Inside Edition.
It is one of five local Seattle TV stations seen in Canada on the Bell ExpressVu and StarChoice satellite providers.
External links
- [http://www.king5.com/ KING TV]
Category:NBC network affiliates
Philo Taylor FarnsworthPhilo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19 1906 – March 11 1971) was an American inventor credited with the invention of the cathode ray tube television.
television
Early life
Farnsworth was born near Beaver City, Utah on August 19, 1906. His family were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His father later moved the family to Rigby, Idaho, where he worked as a sharecropper. Young Philo developed an early interest in electronics after his first telephone conversation with an out-of-state relative and the discovery of a large cache of technology magazines in the attic of the family’s new home.
After a brief stint in the Navy, Farnsworth returned to Idaho to help support his mother. He later moved to the San Francisco Bay area with his bride, Elma “Pem” Gardner-Farnsworth. A local philanthropist managing a community chest agreed to fund Farnsworth’s early television experiments (see below).
In 1926, Farnsworth formed a partnership with George Everson in Salt Lake City to develop Farnsworth’s television ideas. He moved to Los Angeles to carry out research.
In 1927 Farnsworth’s Image Dissector camera tube transmitted its first image, a simple straight line. By 1928 Farnsworth had developed the system sufficiently to hold a demonstration for the press. In 1929 the system was further improved by elimination of a motor generator; the television system now had no mechanical moving parts. In 1930 Vladimir Zworykin visited the laboratory and was impressed with the performance of the camera tube; the RCA project at the time still used a mechanical scanner. In 1931 David Sarnoff of RCA offered to buy Farnsworth’s patents but was refused; in June of that year Farnsworth joined the Philco company and moved his laboratory to Philadelphia, along with his wife and two children. Philco denied Farnsworth time to travel to Utah to bury his young son Kenny, who died in March 1932; this death put a strain on Farnsworth’s marriage and may have marked the beginning of his struggle with depression. Since RCA controlled key patents and manufacture of radio tubes, Philco was persuaded to sever its relationship with Farnsworth in 1934.
By 1936 Farnsworth’s company was transmitting regular entertainment programs; that year he travelled to England and formed an alliance with John Logie Baird. Baird and Farnsworth competed with EMI for forming the standard UK television system. By 1939 Farnsworth’s company had licenced patents to RCA.
Farnsworth then entered a period of chronic alcohol abuse, depression and dependencies on drugs. By 1949 he had ceased working on television-related projects.
Inventions
Television tube
Farnsworth developed the vacuum tube television display, an idea he conceived at age 14 and developed at age 21. During a patent lawsuit against RCA his high school teacher redrew a drawing Farnsworth had made on the blackboard when he was 14. Farnsworth won the suit and was paid royalties but never became wealthy. The cathode ray tube configuration developed from Farnsworth’s work was used in all television sets and other kinds of displays until the late 20th century when a small portion of televisions were made with alternate technologies such as liquid crystal displays.
Farnsworth developed the Image Dissector, a practical all-electronic image scanning device that made it possible to dispense with the moving parts of mechanical television.
Fusor
The Farnsworth-Hirsch Fusor, or simply fusor, is an apparatus designed by Farnsworth to create nuclear fusion. Unlike most controlled fusion systems, which slowly heat a magnetically confined plasma, the fusor injects high temperature ions directly into a reaction chamber, thereby avoiding a considerable amount of complexity.
When Farnsworth-Hirsch Fusor was first introduced to the fusion research world in the late 1960s, the Fusor was the first device that could clearly demonstrate it was producing any fusion reactions at all. Hopes of the time were high that it could be quickly developed into a practical power source. However, as with other fusion experiments, development into a power source has proven difficult. Nevertheless the fusor has since become a practical neutron source, and is produced commercially for this role.
Later years
neutron
It is said that Farnsworth’s genius was on the wane towards the end of his life due to alcoholism. A plaque honoring Farnsworth as The Genius of Green Street is located on the 202 Green Street location of his research laboratory in San Francisco.
A statue of Farnsworth represents Utah in the U.S. Capitol building.
A movie dramatization of Farnsworth’s life and work is currently under production. The film is being written by The West Wing director Aaron Sorkin.
It is almost certain that the character "Professor Farnsworth" on the popular animated series Futurama was named after him.
Patents
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Incandescent light source.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Cold cathode electron discharge tube.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Cold cathode electron discharge tube.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Electric discharge device for producing interaction between nuclei.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Method and apparatus for producing nuclear fusion reactions.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : Electrostatic containment in fusion reactors.
- P.T. Farnsworth, : X-ray projection device.
Quote
:“There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household, and I don’t want it in your intellectual diet.” —Philo T. Farnsworth to his son Kent, regarding television
Reference
- Paul Schatzkin, "The Boy Who Invented Television" Teamcom Books, Silver Spring MD (2002) ISBN 1928791301
- Evan I. Schwartz, "The Last Lone Inventor: A Tale of Genius, Deceit & the Birth of Television" HarperCollins, New York, USA (2002) ISBN 0066210690
- David E. Fisher and Marshall J. Fisher, Tube, the Invention of Television Counterpoint, Washington D.C. USA, (1996) ISBN 1887178171
- Daniel Stashower, The Boy Genius and the Mogul: The Untold Story of Television Broadway Books, New York, USA (2002) ISBN 0767907590
External links
- [http://philotfarnsworth.com/ Official Homepage: “Philo. T Farnsworth Archives” (managed by Farnsworth heirs)]
- [http://www.lastloneinventor.com/ Last Lone Inventor]
- [http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=56 National Inventors Hall of Fame profile]
- [http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/photo/p437/p437.html Philo Farnsworth photo archive]
- [http://rigby.govoffice.com Rigby, Idaho: Birthplace of Television (Jefferson County Historical Society and Museum)]
- [http://www.farnovision.com The Boy Who Invented Television; by Paul Schatzkin]
Farnsworth, Philo
Farnsworth, Philo
Farnsworth, Philo
Farnsworth, Philo
Farnsworth, Philo Taylor
Farnsworth, Philo
Farnsworth, Philo
November
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November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days.
November begins (astrologically) with the sun in the sign of Scorpio and ends in the sign of Sagittarius. Astronomically speaking, the sun begins in the constellation of Libra, passes through Scorpius from approximately the 24th through the 29th and ends in the constellation of Ophiuchus, which is the only zodiacal constellation that is not counted as an astrological sign.
The name is from the Latin novem for "nine". November was the ninth month in the Roman calendar until a monthless winter period (summer in the southern hemisphere) was divided between January and February.
In old Japanese calendar, the month is called Shimo tsuki (霜月).
Events in November
old Japanese calendar
- In the pagan wheel of the year November begins at or near Samhain in the northern hemisphere and Bealtaine in the southern hemisphere.
- All Saints' Day, a Christian holiday. Observance is on November 1, the day after Halloween. In Sweden the All Saints' official holiday takes place on the first Saturday of November.
- In Ireland November 1 is regarded as the first day of Winter.
- November 1 is called November Day (Lá Samhna) in Celtic tradition and is thus named in the Irish Calendar, where the month is called Mí na Samhna.
- In Australia, the Melbourne Cup horse race is held annually on the first Tuesday in November.
- In the United States, elections are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November. They therefore fall between November 2 and November 8. In even numbered years, members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and about one third of the U.S. Senate are elected to six-year terms. The President of the United States is elected in years divisible by four. Most U.S. states, counties, and municipalities have some part of their election cycle coincident with this date.
- Americans celebrate Thanksgiving holiday on the fourth Thursday of November, with the following Friday being also a day off from work for many.
- Around November 17 the Leonids reach their peak.
- In Britain and New Zealand Guy Fawkes night is celebrated on November 5, the anniversary of the failed Gunpowder Plot.
- November is NaNoWriMo, or National Novel Writing Month.
- Movember, a monthlong celebration of moustaches occurs.
Trivia
- November begins on the same day of the week as March every year and also February except in leap years.
- November's flower is the chrysan | | |
